Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin - Publikationen

Isar Maps – Anthropozäne Naturen entwerfen

Ostertag, Edda;Wieck, Kathrin;Giseke, Undine — Fri, 29 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Using the Isar River – a river system perceived as wild but highly technically regulated – as an example, we explored at the Department of Landscape Architecture + Open Space Planning (TU Berlin ) in 2019 – how to develop strategies for Anthropocene natures. The challenge was to develop narratives, design strategies, and action programs in the new geochronological epoch of the Anthropocene that focuses on the increasingly complex and inextricably interwoven human-nature-technology relationships – and thus addressing future fields of landscape architecture. Key theoretical texts from different schools of thought such as actor-network theory, urban-rural metabolism, and ethnological approaches to cosmologies attuned us to the task, as well as in-depth studies of the Isar river system on site.
The result is an inspiring range of designs. These include the “Isar Gschichten”, in which physical interventions at a reservoir or a garbage mountain make their imprint as natural-cultural assemblages perceptible as an aesthetic experience. The design "Phosphor Mining Munich" shows how the phosphorus cycle can be closed locally between a newly developing residential area, a reservoir and the adjacent agriculture in the sense of a circular economy. In the case of the “Fish Loading Station”, fish as non-human actors are placed at the centre of the design. Using the reservoir as an example, the design demonstrates how the Isar can become a better habitat for fish through redesign, without obscuring the technical interventions and instead understanding them as a design feature of the site.

40 perspectives on urban sustainability from around the globe

Sarkissian, Tamar;Tilmann, Thando — Wed, 20 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This book comprises 40 short texts by urban sustainability scholars from around the globe. The scholars are recipients of a six-month research stay grant from the Global Center of Spatial Methods for Urban Sustainability (SMUS), a DAAD Exceed center funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ).

SMUS is a global network of researchers and practitioners from over 48 universities and institutions who work together to improve academic education in spatial disciplines. Through collaborative teaching, workshops, conferences, and training, network partners work across disciplines to advance urban sustainability.

From September 2020 through February 2021, 40 scholars participated in the centre’s ‘Developing a PhD Proposal’ program by organising workshops, partaking in excursions, and attending classes. The classes covered topics such as research ethics and skills, spatial methods, and urban sustainability, with a focus on Sustainable Development Goal #11, which is about ‘making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable’.

As part of their coursework, the students were tasked with writing short texts about how the topics covered manifest themselves in their respective home countries. This book is a compilation of those country replies, giving the reader a glimpse into urban sustainability perspectives from around the globe.

The book includes a series of maps depicting the geographic locations represented in the country replies. They have been included to help the reader navigate the book and to highlight the diversity of topics and themes researchers are working on in the SMUS network.

Neue Kreuzberger Mischung – Kooperative Szenarien der Nachverdichtung für den Rathausblock in Berlin

Stollmann, Jörg;Murrenhoff, Martin — Tue, 08 Aug 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Neue Kreuzberger Mischung documents a university-civil society cooperation between the Technische Universität Berlin and the initiative Stadt von Unten from 2014/2015. In the context of an urban design studio, the partners developed designs towards a community-oriented development of the so-called Rathausblock in Berlin-Kreuzberg. The 5-ha Rathausblock site, also known as the Dragonerareal, has been one of the most important model projects of cooperative urban development between the public sector and civil society in Berlin since 2019. Local urban political initiatives played a decisive role in this transition from a profit-oriented to a cooperative, public welfare-oriented planning project. Since 2011, they have lobbied for a communal as well as resident-controlled development, low-priced rental concepts and the preservation of the then current use of the area. In 2014/2015, prior to the decisive turning point and at the invitation of the Stadt von Unten initiative, the Chair for Urban Design and Urbanization (CUD) at Technische Universität Berlin conceived the design studio in order to examine the development-policy demands of the initiatives in terms of their feasibility. The urban policy demands were exemplarily translated by students of the CUD into two scenarios and four projects of an alternative urban planning. In addition to the implementation of this program, the question arose of how to deal with the existing, partly ensemble-protected area, the urban development constraints, and the “Critical Reconstruction” and “European City” paradigms that dominate planning in Berlin.
Neue Kreuzberger Mischung documents the conversations, analyses, mappings, scenarios, and projects that emerged in the course of the cooperation, as well as the didactics and methodology of the design studio.

Utopia Computer. The “New” in Architecture?

Dähne, Chris;Lausch, Frederike;Bredella, Nathalie — Wed, 31 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The critical concern of the book “Utopia Computer” is the euphoria, expectation and hope inspired by the introduction of computers within architecture in the early digital age. With the advent of the personal computer and the launch of the Internet in the 1990s, utopian ideals found in architectural discourse from the 1960s were revisited and adjusted to the specific characteristics of digital media. Taking the 1990s discourse on computation as a starting point, the contributions of this book grapple with the utopian promises associated with topics such as participation, self-organization, and non-standard architecture. By placing these topics in a historical framework, the book offers perspectives for the future role computation might play within architecture and society.

Detection and characterization of Lithium plating

Long, Julian — Wed, 31 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Lithium plating is not only the most severe ageing mechanism in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) but also becoming more and more important due the increasing presence of electric vehicles (EVs). In EVs the extreme conditions causing lithium plating, like very high charging currents and low environment temperatures, are much more prevalent than in consumer electronics. Due to the high number of factors that influence the plating process, ranging from the cell geometry to the chemical composition of the electrolyte, a deeper understanding of the plating process is still lacking. Without this knowledge it is hard to design cells in a plating resistant way, or to operate cells under the ideal conditions to minimize plating. This thesis aims at showing different methods to investigate the plating process on three different levels. The first method is on the cell level, investigating the behaviour of the whole cell during plating. It contains the analysis of the voltage and current profiles that show an atypical behaviour during plating. The focus of the analysis is on the current profile of the constant voltage (CV) phase during charging under low temperature conditions leading to plating. This current profile can be fitted with the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) function that describes the electrochemical deposition process of a metallic species on a surface. The resulting fitting parameters can be utilized to characterize the plating behaviour of the cell as well as better estimate the amount of plated lithium than commonly used methods. It can also potentially predict the future safety risk due to dendrite formation. In the second part the chemical composition of the surface electrolyte interface (SEI) is investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The composition as well as the mechanical properties of the SEI are strongly influencing the plating process and preliminary work has shown that plating is also changing the morphology of the SEI and increasing its thickness drastically. Cells under different conditions (plated, charged and discharged) as well as cells of different manufacturers have been probed using XPS. During the measurements an unwanted side effect of the experimental setup was discovered that lead to a migration of lithium to the surface of the sample and was distorting the measurement results. Regardless of the effect, it was possible to see that the SEI can have a very different composition in cells of different manufacturers and that plating not only changes the morphology but also the composition of the SEI. The unwanted side effect could furthermore be utilized to identify samples that were plated recently and could be used in further more controlled experiments to localize lithium depositions on plated samples. In the last part the particle structure of the anode surface of cells of different manufacturers was investigated using a watershed particle detection algorithm on laser scanning microscopy (LSM) images of the anode surfaces. The distributions of the particle sizes have then been compared to the capacity loss in plated cells. It was shown that the capacity loss correlates with parameters extracted from the particle size distributions. It is however necessary to create more data to verify this correlation. In summary this thesis utilized new methods to detect or characterize plating on different levels of magnification, from the cell level to the chemical composition. New approaches were found to predict a cells future plating behaviour, spatially localize plated areas on the anode and design cells in a plating resistant way.

Dualities in graphs and digraphs

Hatzel, Meike — Tue, 23 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In this thesis we describe dualities in directed as well as undirected graphs based on tools such as width-parameters, obstructions and substructures. We mainly focus on directed graphs and their structure. In the context of a long open conjecture that bounds the monotonicity costs of a version of the directed cops and robber game, we introduce new width-measures based on directed separations that are closely related to DAG-width. We identify a tangle-like obstruction for which we prove a duality theorem. Johnson, Reed, Robertson, Seymour and Thomas introduced the width measure directed treewidth as a generalisation of treewidth for directed graphs. We introduce a new width measure, the cyclewidth, which is parametrically equivalent to directed treewidth. Making use of the connection between directed graphs and bipartite graphs with perfect matchings we characterise the digraphs of low cyclewidth. Generalising the seminal work by Robertson and Seymour resulting in a global structure theorem for undirected graphs, there is the goal of obtaining a structure theorem, based on directed treewidth, describing the structure of the directed graphs excluding a fixed butterfly minor. Working in this direction we present a new flat wall theorem for directed graphs which we believe to provide a better base for a directed structure theorem than the existing ones. On undirected graphs we present several results on induced subgraphs in the graphs themselves or the square graph of their linegraph. These results range from general statements about all graphs to the consideration of specific graph classes such as the one with exactly two moplexes.

Modellgestützte Entwicklung eines Multi-Mode-Getriebes für einen plug-in-hybrid-elektrischen Antriebsstrang

Geng, Stefan — Fri, 10 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles combine low-emission driving with the advantages of conventional powered vehicles in terms of operating range and refueling time. Decisive for the fuel economy of such vehicles is the configuration of the transmission, the internal combustion engine and the electric motor within the powertrain. Powertrain configurations with multimode transmissions can switch between various couplings of the engine and electric motor, enabling additional fuel savings compared to a fixed coupling. This thesis describes a systematic approach for the model-based development of multimode transmissions and the corresponding control algorithms. It is based on a modelling approach for powertrains and transmissions, while the model's level of detail can be adapted to various development tasks. The overall approach is used to develop a functional concept that provides the basis for the design of a new multimode transmission. For this transmission the necessary control algorithms and an operating strategy for selecting the gear and operating mode are developed. Furthermore, a model-based evaluation of the potential fuel consumption is carried out, taken into account efficiency measurements obtained from a corresponding transmission prototype.

Aus Parkraum einen sozialen und ökologischen Mehrwert schöpfen? Ansätze für Umprogrammierungen am Beispiel von Parkhäusern

Wanner Fandrych, Sophie — Wed, 15 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The negative effects of private motorized transport on cities, including the high land consumption for parking space, are now well known. Departing from the assumption that private car ownership must decrease and thus parking space will be liberated for other uses in the future, this bachelor thesis looks at how multi-story car parks as one type of parking space and an existing 'hardware' of the city can be reprogrammed for uses with a social and ecological added value. Following research on the history of parking and the role of car parks in German cities to date, selected experts were interviewed. Based on their assessment of the possibilities and limitations of these buildings for other uses, three scenarios for the reprogramming of multi-story car parks were developed. Each scenario is set in different hypothetical circumstances and proposes a particular focus, considering the interests of different stakeholders and suggesting instruments that might render conflicting interests compatible. The scenarios outline a flexible approach, informed by temporary and experimental uses which may evolve as societal demands change. They show how car parks can be employed to facilitate the transition to more sustainable urban mobility and how, as multifunctional entities, they could make a contribution to more walkable cities. The thesis suggests that car parks hold a potential for cities that has not yet been widely recognized and encourages that strategies for its realization be tested.

Machine Learning im Logistikmanagement – Entwicklung eines Gestaltungsansatzes zum Einsatz von ML-Anwendungen in logistischen Entscheidungsprozessen

Weinke, Manuel — Tue, 14 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000

As a subfield of artificial intelligence, machine learning (ML) represents a key technology of the 21st century. Using the mathematical-statistical methods, technical systems can be developed that independently discover empirical patterns on the basis of data and thus adapt their behavior to solve business problems in the sense of a system-based learning. According to the complexity of planning, controlling and monitoring tasks in manufacturing value chains, ML applications are considered to be of high relevance for the support and autonomous operation of logistics decision-making processes. For this field of logistics management, the dissertation investigates central questions concerning the use of ML. By studying the current state of research and by intensively involving the practice, possible use cases, corresponding effects with potentials and limitations, as well as necessary requirements are identified. The result of the dissertation represents a design approach that shows suitable measures for the fulfillment of these domain- and technology-specific requirements which are structured according to several areas of action. These range from infrastructural activities for the integration of data to organizational and procedural measures for conducting ML projects up to the management of changed roles for employees. Due to its interdisciplinary and practical orientation, the developed design approach is a useful tool for companies to cope with the challenges of implementing ML in logistics management. Together with other deliverables of the dissertation, which also include the technical characteristics and future developments of ML, managers can acquire the expertise to successfully design the adoption of the technology and, at the same time, implement important framework conditions for the digital transformation of their enterprises.

Dialogues

Lynam, Ava;Yang, Guiqing;Huang, Huang;Abels, Sigrun — Fri, 03 Feb 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The URA periodical is an annual open-access publication, which will accompany the Sino-German research and development project Urban-Rural Assembly (URA, 01LE1804A-D), sponsored by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as part of the FONA program Sustainable Development of Urban Regions (NUR). By combining scientific texts and essays, photographic works, and/or ethnographic studies including interviews, spatial mapping and drawings, the URA periodical will seek to bridge academic, practice and policy discourses around global sustainability challenges and integrated planning and governance approaches at the urban rural interface.

Engaging urban research in policy making

Fri, 27 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Cities are considered “engines of economic growth,” yet many cities in the global South struggle to increase productivity and provide significant economic opportunities for their growing populations. There is a need to deepen the knowledge on the links between public goods and services and equitable economic growth and how to support such processes, in policy and strategic terms, locally and globally. Against this background, this publication developed in the collaboration between Cities Alliance’s Equitable Economic Growth Cities Campaign initiative and three international research networks N-AERUS, AURI, REDEUS_LAC. The research explores how the interface between urban research and policymaking can be redefined to ensure that public goods and services foster equitable growth. It reveals a richness of practices that provide a broad and lasting positive impact in terms of equitable economic growth in urban development. One of them shows that collaborative efforts between academia, policy makers, communities, and practitioners can play a crucial role in enriching these debates and processes.

Thinking Through Designing

Paans, Otto;Pasel, Ralf — Thu, 26 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Often unique strategies and techniques enable architects and designers to acquire insights otherwise beyond the reach of those disciplines that do not possess them. This publication highlights various aspects of architectural design as a genuine form of thinking. In discussing selected key aspects of the design process (creative exploration, control, learning, notating and simulating), we highlight how this claim unfolds in practice. As such, we have attempted to explore the threshold that – once crossed – may grant access into a new evolutionary stage of the design disciplines. By doing so the publication conveys one important message that is reflected in the title of this anthology: namely, that designing is a scientifically valuable and genuine form of thinking that merits an autonomous status alongside other forms of thought.

Field Notes from Design Spaces

Paans, Otto;Pasel, Ralf — Wed, 25 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The essays in this anthology are field notes from design space. Not only are they descriptions of what transpired in the experimental space of various design experiments, but they showcase also the cognitive dynamics involved in design processes. Each essay describes selected aspects of architectural design practices. For instance, how to structure experiments, how to use unpredictability, how to reconstruct an idea in new forms, and how to develop aesthetic and practical solutions in complex situations. Taken together, these essays form a kaleidoscopic, yet systematic impression of how architectural design processes unfold.

Campus Bella Vista – Internatsgebäude für den Landwirtschaftszentrum in den Bolivianischen Anden

Skambas, Andreas;Pasel, Ralf — Wed, 25 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Sorry, this entry is only available in Deutsch.

Einführung von medizintechnischen Innovationen im Krankenhaus

Henschke, Cornelia;Panteli, Dimitra;Eckardt, Helene;Busse, Reinhard — Tue, 17 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The use of new examination and treatment methods (NUB) in the inpatient sector remains a contro-versial topic of health policy discussions even after the introduction of an early benefit assessment for certain medical devices of high-risk class. Policy makers must balance access to innovative technologies, risks and benefits of the technologies, and the ability and resilience of the statutory health insur-ance systems to finance those. Weaker approval criteria for medical devices compared to pharmaceu-ticals require consequent evaluation of (clinical) effectiveness and safety when it comes to the diffu-sion of medical devices in standard care. The overall aim of the study is to investigate the importance of scientific evidence for the adoption and diffusion of NUB in German hospitals. Using a new systematic, criteria-based approach, 27 health care relevant NUB have been identified for further analyses. For these, the development of evidence regarding efficacy and safety as well as the development of the case numbers in hospitals was ana-lyzed longitudinally (2005–2017). Publications were systematically identified, selected, and evaluated to create an overview of evidence available at different point of times. Other factors such as changes in financing schemes and safety alerts have been considered in the analysis. In addition, the utilization and research activities of German hospitals have been identified and analyzed descriptively. A relationship between diffusion and evidence development can be assumed for about half of the included methods. For the remaining methods, either the body of evidence is too sparse, the case numbers are too small to infer a relationship, or the case number and evidence development show opposite directions. In the sample, it takes up to ten years after marketing authorization until the first results of a randomized clinical trial are published. A robust body of evidence is only available for the majority of technologies after several years of use or does not emerge at all during the observation period. With regard to financing schemes, the study confirms that temporary payments for NUB have been paid for several years without evidence of benefit of the corresponding technologies. The need to submit annual NUB applications for funding does not appear to be a barrier to rapid diffusion. Despite various differences between technologies, case numbers in hospitals participating in studies (usually large hospitals or university hospitals) were generally higher compared to the remaining hos-pitals; in particular in the first years of NUB utilization. At the same time, however, some hospitals use new methods based on high-risk medicines infrequently, which in turn raise questions about patient safety and quality of care in these hospitals. Overall, the trade-off between promoting innovation and ensuring evidence-based care remains a fundamental challenge. Considering all methodological limitations, the results support the impetus to question the existing regulatory framework for NUB and to focus on systematic evidence generation. It is essential to find a common solution that focuses on the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of the technologies for patients, but also provides a framework for systematic evidence generation.

Vertical Green 2.0 – The Good, the Bad and the Science

Thu, 12 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Vertical Greenery Systems (VGS) as systemic, nature-based solution can contribute to the quality of urban space and resilience to climate change. However, there are challenges and reservations about its performance and realization. This book discusses perspectives of urban stakeholders, design and maintenance, potentials regarding food, water, and energy as well as governance, planning and financing. It joins findings from the transnational research project „Urban Vertical Green 2.0“.

Brücken bauen – 100 Jahre Gesellschaft von Freunden der Technischen Universität Berlin

Zerges, Kristina — Thu, 12 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The Society of Friends of the Technische Hochschule Berlin was established 100 years ago during the most difficult economic conditions. The publication charts its development from then up until modern times. The first chapters are dedicated to the period following World War I, the era of inflation, its survival under the Nazi regime and finally its re-founding after 1945. The articles are set against the background of political developments in Germany as well as the development of the German higher education landscape. The publication thus makes an important contribution not only to the history of the Society of Friends but also the history of TU Berlin.

The second part of the publication describes the emergence of the Society of Friends after 1945 and the development of strategic projects to support science and industry as well as TU Berlin. It concludes with a selection of projects demonstrating the funding work of the Society of Friends.

sbe22 berlin – Built environment within planetary boundaries

Tue, 27 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The sbe22 berlin D-A-CH conference as part of the SBE conference series campaign 2021–2023 will be hosted by the Natural Building Lab of TU Berlin in cooperation with KIT Karlsruhe, ETH Zürich and TU Graz. Based on the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals, participants at the hybrid conference in autumn 2022 will discuss the challenges and opportunities presented by current transformation projects and processes at local and regional levels. As part of the SBE network, researchers will have the chance to make links between local approaches and wider regional, continental and global trends. The conference will provide a designoriented, architectural and urban planning entry point to a broad inter- and transdisciplinary debate on the following themes: resource management and material flows, climate neutral buildings, post-fossil infrastructures, critical digitalisation and socio-political frames for transitions. These themes represent key solution fields to address sustainability challenges within the planning, construction and real estate sector.

The Social City

Scopacasa, Antonello — Tue, 27 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

In the post-war period, Berlin and Naples experienced a phase of profound changes, essentially influenced by external factors: the less rigid urban structure which had been ruined by World War II, resulting in severe changes in the social and economic structure, an uncritical reception and implementation of largely theoretical models of functionalism in urban planning, and in the design of the new public building interventions. On the one hand, between the 1940s and the 1980s, Berlin experienced a considerable loss in population, a political isolation and an urban splitting, as the urban planning institutions, deeply influenced by relevant politics, slowly and thoroughly changed the cityscape. On the other hand, Naples suffered from a new phase of immigration as well as from the parallel densification of the old suburbs and the physical expansion of the city limits without consistent and socially appropriate urban planning measures. This phase of change, so full of contrasts, coincided with the establishment of new democratic systems in the Federal Republic of Germany and Italy, and with the fundamental goal of socially adequate housing in both the West and the East.
The research involved a series of historical analyses of the relationship between urban development and social housing for critical reflection and to allow an informed evaluation of the contemporary condition. In particular, it investigated housing settlements realised in Berlin and Naples in the first four decades of the post-war period, which corresponds to the period in which public housing was central in both political and urban planning terms.
The book focuses on places of living, the city and the house. Consequently, it investigates the scale of the project and that of the intervention, the relationship between innovation and the cultural reception of urban phenomena and, again, between the stage of the project and the realisation and upkeep of the interventions, between democratic expectations and the adequacy of the administration system. These steps have a direct effect on the social identity that inspires, structures and transforms the planned and then built city, that continuous dialogue between form and content (the past) that occurs, in general, through progressive and mutual adaptations.
In the selection of the case studies, we have favoured interventions on the “periphery,” which are those in which theoretical and aesthetic trends have best manifested themselves and in which planning and design cultures could develop most widely. However, the periphery does not necessarily coincide with the geographical edges of the cities: both in Berlin and in Naples, historical events, or the particular topography have naturally shifted the “peripheral” location along a radius that only ideally starts from the city centre and often extends to its inner fringes. Rather, from a sociological point of view, the same interventions generally generate the peripheral condition, that is, marginalisation or social division. This, as we shall see, can be traced both on the large scale of the city and inside the neighbourhood.
The materials are arranged in the following way: the text is introduced by a graphic and synthetic presentation of the historical context in Berlin and Naples and the documentation of the twelve case studies. In the second chapter, Comparison, which was mostly developed as the first by the young scholars involved in the project, three theoretical issues highlighted during the seminars are better presented: The ability of the project to involve the social level; the experimentalism of the interventions, in particular in construction technology, social approach and democratic participation; the relationship between public and private in the phases of implementation and the upkeep of the programmes. The third chapter, In-Depth Analysis, includes the contributions of the scientists involved to give a better articulated historical and critical analysis of many of selected case studies and of the wider urban and social context. The closing editorial paper offers a brief overview focusing on a selection of the theoretical nodes that emerged from the comparison of the materials from a contemporary perspective.
The publication is the outcome of the homonymous research programme fully funded by DAAD German Academic Exchange Service and runned in 2019 in cooperation between the Technische Universität of Berlin, Department of Architecture (Habitat Unit) with the Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Dipartimento di Architettura e Disegno Industriale in Aversa (Italy).

Die identitätsstiftende Region

Million, Angela;Dörner, Christine Leonie;Bentlin, Felix;Lackus, Felix — Thu, 08 Dec 2022 00:00:00 +0000

From volume 7 onwards, this series will be published by BerlinUP:

https://berlinup.books.tu-berlin.de/en/reihe/schriftenreihe-staedtebau-und-kommunikation-von-planung/

The identification of individuals with the region as a manageable and influenceable framework is gaining in importance in times of uncertainty, increasing dissolution of boundaries and global networking. We have experienced this directly in the last few months due to corona-related restrictions, which at times extremely reduced general mobility and at the same time made us aware of our dependence on technical infrastructures. For some people, this has inevitably brought the issue of their own place of residence more to the fore.